In daily life, accidents such as drowning, electric shock, scald and fracture may lead to more serious consequences if they are handled improperly at the first time. The following is an introduction to the emergency rescue of accidents frequently encountered in daily life, so as to help you understand some common sense of emergency rescue in daily accidents.
1. Rescue of electric shock
(1) Cut off the power supply immediately: turn off the switch or pull the switch. If necessary, the power supply can be pulled off with a dry stick, pole or rope.
(2) Artificial respiration: most patients need artificial respiration. First of all, loosen the collar. Artificial respiration must be maintained for a long time. Do not give up easily.
(3) Cardiac massage: if there is ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest, cardiac massage should be done immediately.
(4) Call 120 for emergency call.
2. Treatment of burns and scalds
(1) Remove the heat immediately.
(2) It is the most practical and feasible method to cool the scalded part and wash it with cold water. Do not break the blister as soon as possible. Even if the scald causes the epidermis to fall off, it should also be rinsed with cold water. Do not be afraid of infection. The duration of flushing lasted about half an hour, and the pain was significantly relieved after the cold source was removed.
Special tips: if you can't get close to the water quickly, you can also use ice cubes, popsicles and even frozen pork or other food stored in the refrigerator. Mild scalds with small local area can be treated at home. After cleaning the wound surface, Jingwanhong and MEBO moist burn ointment can be applied externally. Large area scald should be sent to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.
3. First aid for drowning personnel
(1) Check. After rescuing the drowning person to shore, the physical condition of the drowning person should be checked immediately.
(2) Restore breathing patency. Due to the serious airway obstruction of drowning people, mud, weeds and vomit in the mouth and nose should be removed immediately, and then the water should be controlled for treatment.
(3) Water control treatment. The so-called water control treatment is to use the body position of head down and feet high to control the water in the lungs. Methods: the rescuer knelt on one leg and the other out of the knee. Put the drowning man's abdomen on the rescuer's knee to make his head drop, and then press his abdomen and back. The natural slope on the ground can also be used to place the head of the drowning person on the downhill, or use small wooden stool, big stone, inverted iron pot as cushion to control water.
Special tips: for those who have stopped breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately after water control. Place the drowning person in the supine position. The rescuer holds the drowning person's nostril with one hand, breaks open the mouth of the drowning person with the other hand, takes a deep breath, and quickly breathes from mouth to mouth, and repeatedly until breathing is restored. If breathing and heartbeat have stopped, artificial respiration and chest compression should be carried out immediately. First responders place the base of the palm in the middle of the sternum to press the heart slowly and relax quickly.
4. Help asthma patients
(1) Asthma attack, should reduce the psychological pressure of patients, let them take a sitting or half lying position, untie the collar button, loosen the belt, to avoid chest and abdomen pressure and unnecessary movement.
(2) Remove oral and nasal secretions and keep respiratory tract unobstructed.
(3) If the elderly patients or have a history of heart, may be cardiogenic asthma, should immediately sublingual administration of isosorbide or nitroglycerin tablets 1-2 tablets. If it is bronchial asthma, should be out of the allergen as soon as possible, if there is organ spasmolysis aerosol should immediately let the patient inhale 2-3 times.
Special tips: once the heart rate and breathing stop, artificial cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out as early as possible to buy time for further treatment. Asthma sudden attack should pay attention to: do not carry patients to the hospital first aid. Back delivery of asthma attack patients can aggravate the condition to a certain extent.
5. Emergency rescue after being bitten by a dog
(1) Wash the wound. After being bitten, the wound should be washed with a large amount of soapy water or water (more than 10000 ml) for at least 15 minutes. If there is no water source around, you can use human urine instead of clean water first, and then try to find water. Remember: don't bandage the wound! The key to success or failure of rescue is to wash the wound on the spot, immediately and thoroughly. Do not forget to wash the wound, or wash it carelessly, or even apply some red mercury to bandage the wound and go to the hospital. This is absolutely wrong.
(2) Wipe the wound. After thorough washing, the wound was smeared with 2% - 3% iodine or 75% alcohol.
Special tips: wound treatment after washing and disinfection. As long as there is no injury to the large blood vessels, try not to suture, and should not be bandaged. We must go to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible. In principle, the earlier the rabies vaccination is, the better.
6. Emergency rescue of mushroom poisoning
(1) Immediately dial the emergency telephone to call the ambulance to rush to the scene, and keep the mushroom sample for professional treatment reference.
(2) Vomiting, gastric lavage and catharsis. In order to reduce the absorption of toxin, let the poisoned person drink a lot of warm boiled water or dilute saline water, and then put the finger into the throat to induce vomiting, which can be repeated for many times.
(3) Replenish water. After emesis, in order to prevent dehydration caused by repeated vomiting, it is better for the poisoned person to drink salt water and "sugar salt water" added with edible sugar to supplement the loss of body fluid and prevent the occurrence of shock.
(4) Prevent suffocation. Do not pour water into the mouth of coma patients to prevent suffocation.
(5) Cover the patient with a blanket to keep warm.
Special tips: there are various methods to identify whether mushrooms are poisonous mushrooms, but generally speaking, these methods are not reliable. The most effective identification method of poisonous mushroom is morphological identification, but this identification method is difficult for ordinary people to master. Therefore, do not pick and eat wild mushrooms.
7. Emergency rescue of heatstroke
(1) Moving: quickly carry the patient to a ventilated, cool and refreshing place, make him lie on his back and unbutton his clothes, loosen or take off his clothes. If his clothes are soaked with sweat, he should change his clothes.
(2) Cooling: the patient's head can be covered with cold towel, and can be bathed with 50% alcohol, white wine, ice water or cold water, and then blow with fan or electric fan to accelerate heat dissipation. Conditional also can use cooling blanket to cool down. But do not quickly reduce the patient's temperature, when the temperature drops below 38 degrees Celsius, to stop all cold compress and other strong cooling measures.
(3) Rehydration: when the patient is still conscious, some cool drinks can be given, and a small amount of salt or baking soda can be added when replenishing water. But do not rush to add a lot of water, or it will cause vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and other symptoms.
(4) Promoting awakening: if the patient has lost consciousness, he Gu and other acupoints can be pinched to make it wake up. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately.
8. Emergency measures for sudden coma
(1) Lay the patient flat and untie the collar to ensure the airway is unobstructed.
(2) For cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the palm root is placed in the middle of sternum for cardiac compression. The downward pressure should be slow and the relaxation should be fast.
(3) Get medical attention.
9. First aid of fracture injury in traffic accident
(1) Attention should be paid to prevent the wounded from shock. Do not move the fractured parts of the body. If the spine may be damaged, do not change the injured person's posture.
(2) For the specific fracture site, it should be carefully wrapped with disinfection film, and keep the position still according to the state after the occurrence.
(3) In the case of no bandage, local materials can be taken to fix the fracture site, so as to reduce the pain of the injured and facilitate the transportation. At the same time, it can not aggravate the damage of the broken bone to the surrounding tissues, which is conducive to the recovery of the injured limb function.
10. First aid for bleeding in the field
(1) Disinfection: clean the wound with clean water and soap (only for small wounds). Pay more attention to the wound with fall, scratch or suspected dirt.
(2) Hemostasis: let the injured sit in a comfortable place, comfort the patient and raise the injured limb, cover the wound with a piece of clothing, press on the dressing with hand, and apply appropriate pressure to assist in hemostasis.
(3) Bandage: if the wound has basically stopped bleeding, bandage and fix the wound with clothes. Please take a rest and call for assistance.
